📋 Workflow
Full workflow, products add-to-cart directly1
Degas the system
20 minDegas solvent by freeze-pump-thaw or N₂ sparge; purge the apparatus several times.
💡 Tip Glovebox setups are more robust
⚠️ Caution O₂ oxidizes the sensitive catalyst
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
2
Prepare the catalyst system
30 minMix metal precatalyst, ligand, and base in-flask to generate the active catalyst.
💡 Tip Control substrate/catalyst ratio and ligand ratio
⚠️ Caution Wrong ligand stoichiometry affects activity
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
3
Charge and react
3–8 hAdd substrate(s), stir at controlled temperature under inert gas until target conversion.
💡 Tip Sample periodically to track conversion
⚠️ Caution Monitor H₂/CO gas safety carefully
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
4
Workup and metal removal
1–2 hQuench, extract, and remove catalyst/metal with scavengers or washes.
💡 Tip Charcoal or metal-scavenger resins cut residue
⚠️ Caution Residual metal affects downstream or application
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
⚠️ 5 Common Beginner Mistakes
- ① O₂ deactivates the catalyst
- ② Wrong ligand ratio hurts selectivity
- ③ High temperature degrades catalyst
- ④ Wrong base cuts activity
- ⑤ Residual metal contaminates product
❓ FAQ
+Homogeneous vs heterogeneous?
Homogeneous is soluble/more selective; heterogeneous is solid/easily recycled.
+Ligand choice?
Match a proven mono/bi-dentate phosphine to your reaction.
+Control residual metal?
Use scavengers or charcoal to lower ppm in workup.