📋 Workflow
Full workflow, products add-to-cart directly1
Antigen and adjuvant formulation
1 hSelect/prepare antigen and mix with adjuvant at ratio, emulsify to form vaccine
💡 Tip Adjuvant boosts immunogenicity
⚠️ Caution Emulsify fully for stable formulation
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
2
Animal immunization
2–6 weeksImmunize animals per schedule several times, collect blood to assess antibody response
💡 Tip Optimize schedule and dose
⚠️ Caution Follow ethical guidelines
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
3
Immunogenicity evaluation
1–2 daysMeasure antibody titer by ELISA, evaluate T-cell response by ELISpot/flow and neutralizing activity
💡 Tip Neutralizing antibody is a key correlate
⚠️ Caution Integrate multiple readouts
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
4
Efficacy evaluation
2–4 weeksAssess protective efficacy and safety by challenge or animal model
💡 Tip Include placebo and challenge controls
⚠️ Caution Monitor safety equally
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
⚠️ 5 Common Beginner Mistakes
- ① Wrong adjuvant gives poor immunogenicity
- ② Antigen purity/stability issues
- ③ Poor schedule weakens response
- ④ Single-metric evaluation biases
- ⑤ No control undermines efficacy
❓ FAQ
+What does antibody titer reflect?
Reflects vaccine-induced specific antibody; neutralizing titer correlates better with protection.
+How to assess T-cell responses?
Use ELISpot for IFN-secreting T cells or flow for intracellular cytokines.
+What challenge for efficacy?
Challenge with relevant pathogen/model and compare survival/disease between vaccine and control.