📋 Workflow
Full workflow, products add-to-cart directly1
Anhydrous/O₂-free setup
30 minUse rigorously anhydrous, O₂-free solvent and apparatus under inert gas.
💡 Tip Glovebox transfer is most reliable
⚠️ Caution Air kills organometallic reagents
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
2
Prepare organometallic reagent
40 minPrepare a Grignard/organolithium or aliquot a commercial reagent; titrate concentration.
💡 Tip Titrate to find effective concentration
⚠️ Caution Reactive reagents need cold, careful addition
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3
Coupling/addition reaction
3–6 hAdd the organometallic slowly at low T, stir to complete coupling or addition.
💡 Tip Add dropwise to avoid local overheating
⚠️ Caution Strongly exothermic; keep on ice
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4
Quench workup and metal removal
1–2 hQuench residual reagent carefully at low T, extract, remove metal with scavengers.
💡 Tip Quench dropwise with cold water/sat. NH₄Cl
⚠️ Caution Quench is exothermic—prevent splashing
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5
Purify and confirm
1 hPurify by column; confirm product and residual metal by LCMS/NMR/ICP.
💡 Tip Pharma requires ppm-level metal check
⚠️ Caution Residual Pd is active—remove thoroughly
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
⚠️ 5 Common Beginner Mistakes
- ① Moisture hydrolyzes the reagent
- ② Fast addition overheats
- ③ Wrong metal/ligand ratio cuts activity
- ④ Harsh quench loses product
- ⑤ Residual metal fails quality
❓ FAQ
+Titrate Grignard?
Titrate with menthol/1,10-phenanthroline indicator.
+When need a glovebox?
For extremely sensitive reagents or ultra-dry steps.
+Lower residual Pd?
Use scavenger resin, charcoal, or precipitation, then verify.