📋 Workflow
Full workflow, products add-to-cart directly1
Charge & solvent
20 minDissolve substrate in solvent, add catalyst, transfer to hydrogenation vessel.
💡 Tip Use methanol/ethanol/ethyl acetate for easy removal.
⚠️ Caution Catalyst loading 5–10% of substrate; excess is hazardous.
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2
Purge with hydrogen
15 minReplace air with nitrogen, then hydrogen, repeating 3 times.
💡 Tip Purge thoroughly; residual air with hydrogen is dangerous.
⚠️ Caution No open flame; hydrogen leakage is explosive.
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3
Pressurized reaction
1–3 hSet hydrogen pressure, stir, and monitor by TLC.
💡 Tip Typical pressure 1–5 atm, adjusted by substrate activity.
⚠️ Caution Use dedicated high-pressure hydrogenation equipment.
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4
Filter off catalyst
20 minFilter through celite to remove catalyst, wash the cake with solvent.
💡 Tip Remove catalyst completely; residue affects downstream.
⚠️ Caution Keep the Pd-containing cake wet to prevent spontaneous ignition.
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5
Concentrate & purify
40 minConcentrate by rotary evaporation, purify by column or recrystallization.
💡 Tip Reduced products may oxidize; process promptly after concentration.
⚠️ Caution Keep rotary evaporation temperature low to avoid decomposition.
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⚠️ 5 Common Beginner Mistakes
- ① Catalyst poisoning: sulfur/phosphorus impurities in substrate
- ② Incomplete hydrogen purge: explosion risk
- ③ Over-reduction: excessive pressure or time
- ④ Catalyst residue: incomplete filtration
- ⑤ Product decomposition: high concentration temperature
❓ FAQ
+Why is hydrogenation slow?
Possible catalyst poisoning or low activity; change catalyst, increase pressure or temperature.
+How to avoid over-reduction?
Control pressure and time, monitor closely by TLC, stop when target reached.
+How to handle Pd/C safely?
Keep wet, away from solvent vapors, collect and dispose of the cake properly.