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⚡ Molecular Biology · Method

Gel Electrophoresis

Separate and analyze nucleic acids/proteins
🎯 Difficulty ★☆☆ Easy Duration About 1–2 h 🎯 Use Check PCR products, digests, fragment sizes and protein bands
📖 Principle
Molecules migrate at different rates by charge/size in an electric field, separating by molecular weight
Below are 4 steps. Open each to see how to do it and add products to your shared list.

📋 Workflow

Full workflow, products add-to-cart directly
1

Prepare gel

30 min
Cast gel from agarose (nucleic acid) or polyacrylamide (protein), insert comb to form wells
💡 Tip Gel % matches fragment size
⚠️ Caution Heat to dissolve, swirl to avoid bubbles
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
2

Loading

10 min
Mix samples with loading dye, load into wells alongside DNA ladder
💡 Tip Ladder calibrates sizes
⚠️ Caution Consistent loading for comparison
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
3

Run

30–60 min
Fill tank with running buffer, apply voltage/current until the dye front reaches target
💡 Tip Excess voltage blurs bands
⚠️ Caution Check electrode orientation
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
4

Stain and image

20 min
Stain with nucleic acid dye or protein stain, image under UV or gel documentation system
💡 Tip Use safe low-toxicity DNA dye
⚠️ Caution Protect eyes from UV
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)

⚠️ 5 Common Beginner Mistakes

  • Wrong gel % gives poor separation
  • Excess voltage blurs and diffuses bands
  • Overloading causes smearing
  • Reused buffer changes conductivity
  • Reversed electrodes run samples off gel

❓ FAQ

+How to choose gel concentration?
Higher agarose for small fragments, lower for large; SDS-PAGE gradient for proteins.
+Bands blurred/smearing?
Lower voltage, reduce loading, fresh buffer, ensure uniform gel.
+Ladder ran past?
Shorten run time and predict marker position from dye front.

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Data authenticity: Product categories from JW Supply Chain standard taxonomy; method→step→product connected. Last updated: 2026-08-23 · v3.0