📋 Workflow
Full workflow, products add-to-cart directly1
Antibody-drug conjugation
1 dayConjugate cytotoxic drug to antibody cysteine/lysine residues via linker
💡 Tip Control drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR)
⚠️ Caution Gentle conditions preserve antibody activity
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
2
Purification and DAR determination
1–2 daysPurify ADC to remove free drug, determine DAR and aggregation by MS or UV
💡 Tip Optimal DAR balances efficacy and toxicity
⚠️ Caution Avoid aggregation and free drug residue
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
3
Binding and internalization validation
1 dayVerify ADC antigen binding by FACS/ELISA and confirm antigen-mediated internalization
💡 Tip Verify binding specificity and affinity
⚠️ Caution Internalization needs proper controls
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
4
In vitro and in vivo efficacy
1–4 weeksMeasure ADC cytotoxicity IC50 on tumor cells, evaluate tumor inhibition in xenograft models
💡 Tip Eval selectivity with target+/− cells
⚠️ Caution Pair efficacy with toxicity assessment
🧪 Materials for this step (click to shop by spec/brand)
⚠️ 5 Common Beginner Mistakes
- ① High DAR causes toxicity or aggregation
- ② Unstable linker releases drug early
- ③ Conjugation impairs antibody activity
- ④ Poor selectivity causes off-target toxicity
- ⑤ Free drug residue confounds results
❓ FAQ
+What is DAR?
Average number of drugs per antibody, balancing efficacy and toxicity.
+Linker considerations?
Cleavable vs non-cleavable; cleavable releases drug by endosomal pH/enzyme, stability affects safety.
+How to improve ADC efficacy?
Optimize DAR, selective targets, stable linkers, efficient internalization and potent payload.